Course: Eswatini Grade 9 Science | NJCTL

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  • Welcome to Form 2 Science

    Watch this course overview video to get started



  • In this module we will explore light. 


    Watch the videos and complete the check your understanding questions before moving on to the module assignments. Practice problems are not graded but should be completed to facilitate your learning. 




    1. List the common sources of light.

    2. Describe an experiment to illustrate the laws of reflection.

    3. List properties of the image formed by a plane mirror. (Drawing not necessary)

    4. Describe refraction as the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another, such as from air into glass or water.

    5. Describe the action of a thin converging lens on a parallel beam of light, and hence, the function of the lens in the eye.

    6. State the properties of lenses (principal axis, optical centre, focal length, focal point).

    7. List the properties of a real image.

    8. Describe the action of a thin diverging lens on a parallel beam of light.

    There are no required readings.



    • Module 1 Topics

    • Module 1 Module Review

    • Light Discussion Board Forum

      Please use this space to ask any questions about the content of this module to the instructor and your peers.  You can start a new discussion thread by pressing "add a new discussion topic."

    • Light Short Answer Assignment Forum
      Students must
      Make forum posts: 1
      Receive a grade

  • In this module, we will learn about waves. 


    Watch the videos and complete the check your understanding questions before moving on to the module assignments. Practice problems are not graded but should be completed to facilitate your learning. 



    1. Investigate and describe what is meant by wave motion as illustrated by vibrations in ropes, springs and water waves.

    2. Distinguish between transverse and longitudinal waves.

    3. Identify the wavelength and amplitude of a wave.

    4. Describe the frequency of a wave and state the unit of its measurement as Hertz.

    5. Investigate and describe the production of sound by vibrating sources.

    6. State that sound waves are longitudinal in nature.

    There are no required readings. 


    • Module 2 Topics

    • Module 2 Module Review

    • Waves Discussion Board Forum

      Please use this space to ask any questions about the module to the instructor and your peers.  You can start a new discussion thread by pressing "add a new discussion topic."

    • Waves Short Answer Assignment Forum
      Students must
      Make forum posts: 1
      Receive a grade
    • Waves - Lab PDF File

  • This module investigates magnetism. 


    Watch the videos and complete the check your understanding questions before moving on to the module assignments. Practice problems are not graded but should be completed to facilitate your learning. 



    1. State the simple properties of a magnet.

    2. Describe the effect of the poles of bar magnets on one another.

    3. Use iron filings to determine and draw the pattern of field lines around a bar magnet.

    4. Draw field lines around two bar magnets arranged end to end. (to show repulsion and attraction).

    5. Describe methods of: magnetisation (induction and stroking) and demagnetisation (hammering and heating).

    6. Describe how a simple electromagnet can be constructed.

    7. Describe the factors affecting the strength of an electromagnet: number of turns in coil, amount of current.

    There are no required readings. 


    • Module 2 Topics

    • Module 2 Module Review

    • Magnetism Discussion Board Forum

      Please use this space to ask any questions about the module to the instructor and your peers.  You can start a new discussion thread by pressing "add a new discussion topic."

    • Magnetism - Lab PDF File


  • In this module we will study electricity. 


    Watch the videos and complete the check your understanding questions before moving on to the module assignments. Practice problems are not graded but should be completed to facilitate your learning. 




    1. Describe simple experiments to show the production and detection of electrostatic charges.

    2. State that unlike charges attract, and like charges repel.

    3. Define current as the rate of flow of charge.

    4. Distinguish between conductors and insulators of electricity, stating the role of free electrons in conductors.

    5. Describe the use of an ammeter, stating the units of current as Amperes (A).

    6. Describe the use of a voltmeter, stating the units of potential difference as volts (V).

    7. Define resistance as opposition to the flow of current, stating its unit as the Ohm (Ω).

    8. Describe the factors that affect the resistance of a conductor: thickness, length and type of material.

    9. Calculate the combined resistance of two resistors in series.

    10. State and use the equation V= IR.

    There are no required readings.



    • Module 1 Topics

    • Module 1 Module Review

    • Electricity Discussion Board Forum

      Please use this space to ask any questions about the content of this module to the instructor and your peers.  You can start a new discussion thread by pressing "add a new discussion topic."

    • Electricity Short Answer Assignment Forum
      Students must
      Make forum posts: 1
      Receive a grade

  • In this module we will learn about acids, bases and salts.



    Be sure to complete the short answer assignment, the lab, the Mastery Exercises, and the module exam. Watch the videos and complete the practice problems to facilitate your learning. 

    Short Answer Assignment responses should be at least 200-300 words and referenced. Refer to the Required/Recommended reading materials or provide an additional reference to an article of your choice.

    1. Describe physical properties of acids and bases.
    2. Define an indicator as a substance that has different colours in acidic or alkaline solutions.
    3. Identify acidic, alkaline and neutral substances using litmus paper.
    4. Describe neutrality, relative acidity and alkalinity in terms of pH (whole numbers only) measured using Universal Indicator.
    5. Investigate and describe the reactions of acids with metals, bases (hydroxides only) and carbonates.
    6. Construct word equations for the reactions of acids with metals, hydroxides and carbonates.
    7. Describe the preparation of soluble salts.
    8. Describe the control of the acidity in soils using a base (chemical name of the base not required).

    There are no required readings.


    • Module 5 Topics

    • Module 5 Module Review

    • Acids, Bases & Salts Discussion Board Forum

      Please use this space to ask any questions about the module to the instructor and your peers.  You can start a new discussion thread by pressing "add a new discussion topic."

    • Acids, Bases & Salts Short Answer Assignment Forum
      Students must
      Make forum posts: 1
      Receive a grade

  • In this module we will learn about metals and non-metals. 



    Be sure to complete the short answer assignment, the lab, the Mastery Exercises, and the module exam. Watch the videos and complete the practice problems to facilitate your learning. 

     Short Answer Assignment responses should be at least 200-300 words and referenced. Refer to the Required/Recommended reading materials or provide an additional reference to an article of your choice.

    1. Describe the general physical properties of metals in terms of lustre, malleability, ductility, sonority, electrical and heat conductivity.
    2. Investigate and place in order of reactivity: calcium, copper, iron, magnesium and zinc by reference to the reactions, if any and where relevant, of the metals with dilute hydrochloric acid (word equations required for reactions with dilute hydrochloric acid only).
    3. Describe the ease in obtaining metals from their ores by relating the elements to the reactivity series.
    4. Name metals that occur in pure state: copper and gold.
    5. Name the main ores of aluminium and iron.
    6. Define oxidation and reduction in terms of oxygen gain/loss only using the reaction of copper(II) oxide with hydrogen gas.
    7. Describe the essential reaction in the extraction of iron (reduction of iron (III) oxide).Include a word equation for the reaction. (details of blast furnace not required).
    8. Define an alloy as a mixture of two or more metals or a metal and a non metal.
    9. List the elements that make up the alloys: mild steel, stainless steel and brass.
    10. Describe the idea of changing the properties of iron by the controlled use of additives to form steel alloys, ie, mild steel and stainless steel only.
    11. Name the uses of mild steel (car bodies and machinery) and stainless steel (chemical plant and cutlery).
    12. Name the uses of zinc for galvanizing and for making brass.
    13. Name the uses of copper (electrical wiring and in cooking utensils) and aluminium (aircraft bodies and food containers), relating them to their properties.
    14. Describe the differences between general physical properties of metals and non-metals.
    15. Describe the approximate composition of air (21 % oxygen, 0.03% carbon dioxide, 78% nitrogen, and remainder being mixture of noble gases and water vapour).
    16. Prepare and collect hydrogen using a reactive metal and an acid.
    17. Describe the properties of hydrogen.
    18. Describe the test for hydrogen using a lighted splint.
    19. State the use of hydrogen as a fuel in rockets.
    20. Prepare and collect oxygen by the method of heating potassium permanganate.
    21. Describe the properties oxygen.
    22. Describe the test for oxygen using a glowing splint.
    23. State the uses of oxygen including its use in hospitals and with acetylene in welding.
    24. Investigate combustion using magnesium and fuels made up of carbon elements only. Include word equations for: • the formation of carbon dioxide from carbon and oxygen • the formation of magnesium oxide from magnesium and oxygen.
    25. Investigate the conditions (oxygen and water) necessary for rusting to occur.
    26. Describe methods of rust prevention: paint and other coatings (including zinc) to exclude oxygen.
    27. Prepare and collect carbon dioxide. 
    28. Describe the properties of carbon dioxide.
    29. Describe the test for carbon dioxide using lime water.
    30. State the uses of carbon dioxide in fire extinguishers, fizzy drinks and baking.
    31. List physical properties of water: melting point, boiling point and density.
    32. Investigate the physical properties of water: melting point and boiling point in terms of the temperature changes.

          There are no required readings.

          • Module 4 Topics

          • Module 4 Module Review

          • Metals & Non-Metals Discussion Board Forum

            Please use this space to ask any questions about the module to the instructor and your peers.  You can start a new discussion thread by pressing "add a new discussion topic."

          • Metals & Non-Metals Short Answer Assignment Forum
            Students must
            Make forum posts: 1
            Receive a grade

        1. In this module we will learn about chemical reactions. 



          Be sure to complete the short answer assignment, the lab, the Mastery Exercises, and the module exam. Watch the videos and complete the practice problems to facilitate your learning. 

           Short Answer Assignment responses should be at least 200-300 words and referenced. Refer to the Required/Recommended reading materials or provide an additional reference to an article of your choice.

          1. State that chemical reactions release or absorb energy.
          2. Describe exothermic reactions using suitable examples.
          3. Describe endothermic reactions using suitable examples.
          4. investigate the speed of a reaction in terms of particle size of the reactants and temperature of the reactants.

                There are no required readings.

                • Module 4 Topics

                • Module 4 Module Review

                • Chemical Reactions Discussion Board Forum

                  Please use this space to ask any questions about the module to the instructor and your peers.  You can start a new discussion thread by pressing "add a new discussion topic."

                • Chemical Reactions Short Answer Assignment Forum
                  Students must
                  Make forum posts: 1
                  Receive a grade


              1. In this module we will learn about reproduction in humans. 


                Be sure to complete the short answer assignment, the lab, the Mastery Exercises, and the module exam. Watch the videos and complete the practice problems to facilitate your learning. 

                Short Answer Assignment responses should be at least 200-300 words and referenced. Refer to the Required/Recommended reading materials or provide an additional reference to an article of your choice.

                1. Define reproduction as the production of offspring for the continuity of organisms of the same kind.
                2. Describe the secondary sex characteristics in males and females at puberty.
                3. Describe the structure and function of human male reproductive system: testis, penis, scrotum, sperm duct and urethra.
                4. Describe the structure and function of the female reproductive system: ovary, oviduct, vagina, cervix and uterus.
                5. Describe the menstrual cycle, (hormonal control not required).
                6. State the sperm as the male sex cell and the ovum as the female sex cell.
                7. State that sex cells carry information about the characteristics that are passed on from parents to their offspring.
                8. Describe sexual intercourse, fertilization and pregnancy
                9. List the consequences of teenage pregnancy and methods of prevention of teenage pregnancy.
                10. Define sexually transmitted infections (STI's) as infections that are transmitted mainly through sexual intercourse.
                11. Name and describe some examples of sexually transmitted infections.
                12. List signs, symptoms, describe effects and treatment of gonorrhea and syphilis.
                13. Describe the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) as a virus that causes Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in human beings.
                14. Describe how AIDS develops, giving examples of opportunistic infections.
                15. Describe the methods of transmission of HIV/AIDS and how it can be prevented from spreading.

                There are no required readings.

                • Module 6 Topics

                • Module 6 Module Review

                • Reproduction in Humans Discussion Board Forum

                  Please use this space to ask any questions about the module to the instructor and your peers.  You can start a new discussion thread by pressing "add a new discussion topic."

                • Reproduction in Humans Short Answer Assignment Forum
                  Students must
                  Make forum posts: 1
                  Receive a grade


              2. In this module we will learn about respiration. 



                This module examines the topic of the mole. Be sure to complete the short answer assignment, the lab, the Mastery Exercises, and the module exam. Watch the videos and complete the practice problems to facilitate your learning. 

                Short Answer Assignment responses should be at least 200-300 words and referenced. Refer to the Required/Recommended reading materials or provide an additional reference to an article of your choice.

                 

                 

                1. Label parts of respiratory system; larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs.
                2. State differences between inhaled and exhaled air.
                3. Describe the role of lungs, rib cage and diaphragm in breathing.
                4. Describe the role of lungs in removal of carbon dioxide and water.
                5. Describe respiration as the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy in all living cells.

                There are no required readings.


                • Module 7 Topics

                • Module 7 Module Review

                • Respiration Discussion Board Forum

                  Please use this space to ask any questions about the module to the instructor and your peers.  You can start a new discussion thread by pressing "add a new discussion topic."


              3. In this module we will learn about main components of the excretory system. 



                This module examines the topic of the mole. Be sure to complete the short answer assignment, the lab, the Mastery Exercises, and the module exam. Watch the videos and complete the practice problems to facilitate your learning. 

                Short Answer Assignment responses should be at least 200-300 words and referenced. Refer to the Required/Recommended reading materials or provide an additional reference to an article of your choice.

                 

                 

                1. State the function of the urinary system.
                2. Label parts of the urinary system; kidneys, bladder, ureter, urethra, renal vein and renal artery.
                3. State the functions of the parts of the urinary system.

                There are no required readings.


                • Module 8 Topics

                • Module 8 Module Review

                • Excretion Discussion Board Forum

                  Please use this space to ask any questions about the module to the instructor and your peers.  You can start a new discussion thread by pressing "add a new discussion topic."

                • Respiration & Excretion Short Answer Assignment Forum
                  Students must
                  Make forum posts: 1
                  Receive a grade

              4. In this module we will learn about coordination and response.



                Be sure to complete the short answer assignment, the lab, the Mastery Exercises, and the module exam. Watch the videos and complete the practice problems to facilitate your learning. 

                Short Answer Assignment responses should be at least 200-300 words and referenced. Refer to the Required/Recommended reading materials or provide an additional reference to an article of your choice.

                1. Describe sense organs as groups of receptor cells responding to specific stimuli light, sound, touch temperature and chemicals.
                2. Describe the sensory functions of the human ear, eye, tongue and skin in terms of the perceived stimuli, its conversion to nerve impulses and transmission to the brain. 
                3. Describe voluntary and reflex actions.
                4. Investigate and describe reaction times.
                5. Describe the brain and spinal cord as the central nervous system (CNS).
                6. Define a drug as any externally administered substance which modifies or affects chemical reactions in the body.
                7. Describe the effects of alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine and the dangers of their abuse.
                8. Describe the personal and social problems (crime and HIV infection) arising from drug abuse, by references to alcohol and heroin (or cocaine).

                There are no required readings.


                • Module 5 Topics

                • Module 5 Module Review

                • Coordination & Response Discussion Board Forum

                  Please use this space to ask any questions about the module to the instructor and your peers.  You can start a new discussion thread by pressing "add a new discussion topic."

                • Coordination & Response Short Answer Assignment Forum
                  Students must
                  Make forum posts: 1
                  Receive a grade


              5. In this module we will learn about organisms in their natural environment. 



                This module examines the topic of the mole. Be sure to complete the short answer assignment, the lab, the Mastery Exercises, and the module exam. Watch the videos and complete the practice problems to facilitate your learning. 

                Short Answer Assignment responses should be at least 200-300 words and referenced. Refer to the Required/Recommended reading materials or provide an additional reference to an article of your choice.

                 

                 

                1. State that the sun is the principal source of energy to all living systems.
                2. Define food chains as simple feeding relationships between living organisms in a given habitat through which energy is passed from one organism to the other.
                3. Construct simple food chains and describe energy flow in a food chain.
                4. Define ecology as the study of relationship of organisms with each other and their environment.
                5. Define ecosystem as different organisms living together in a given environment and depending on each other, giving local examples.
                6. Describe, giving local examples, the terms: producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer.
                7. State the human activities which bring about water pollution (fertilizers and industrial/household waste), land pollution ( non-biodegradable waste), and air pollution(smoke, motor car exhaust fumes, and dust from industries, pesticides and herbicides).
                8. State the effects of water, land and air pollution (including global warming).
                9. Define conservation as maintenance and protection of a habitat or species.

                There are no required readings.



              6. In this summary module, we will review major concepts from this course. This module includes comprehensive problem solving, a reflection paper and a final course exam. 



                This module serves as a comprehensive review of the course concepts and materials.  There are no short answer assignment, lab or mastery exercises.  Instead, you will be writing a reflection paper on your course experience and completing a comprehensive final exam. 


                1. Demonstrate mastery of chemistry content including structure of matter, bonding and intermolecular forces, chemical reactions and stoichiometry and solutions.
                2. Apply stoichiometric ratios to solve chemistry problems.
                3. Explain and describe the pedagogical content-knowledge needed to teach chemistry topics including structure of matter, bonding and intermolecular forces, chemical reactions, kinetics, thermodynamics and equilibrium.
                4. Identify and describe strategies for student remediation, creating a constructivist classroom environment, using real-time data to inform teaching and adjust pacing to ensure success of all learners. 

                The Joy of Chemistry – Ch. 2-5

                • Course Completion Evaluation URL
                  Students must
                  View

                  Complete the course evaluation via SurveyMonkey once you have finished the course.  The survey should only take a few minutes to complete, and your responses are completely anonymous and confidential. 


              7. This section contains retake exams for each module in the course.  There is only one retake per test. There are no other retakes if you do not do well on this version.  There is no retake for the final exam. 

                Please note:  

                ·  Students are not permitted to take re-take exams without instructor approval. If approval is received, you must also notify your instructor immediately upon completion.  Otherwise, your attempt will not be graded and will not count.  If permission is received, your higher grade of the two exams will count.

                ·  You should not seek permission to retake an exam until you have (1) determined your areas for growth based on the questions that were marked wrong on the original test; (2) studied these topics further until you are confident you understand them; (3) requested a Zoom tutoring session from your instructor to ensure you are ready for the retake.